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Annotation
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The article discusses some aspects of the monographic study of the activities of the Dominican monk D. Savonarola undertaken by E.P. Telmenko. Relying on the pro-found developments of the Stavropol historian the author seeks to analyze the main reasons why the Italian "pre-reformer" failed to achieve the implementation of the principles of his activity on the spiritual transformation of the life of the Florentines at the end of the 15th century in contrast to the German reformer M. Luther with whom he was separated by less than 20 years. The main reason for Savonarola's failure, according to the author of the article, is that relying on traditional social and mental structures and ideas Fra Girolamo partly became a kind of hostage to the medieval vision of the world and the place of Florence and the Florentines in it. For him the previous methods of influencing the minds of people (apocalypticism, messianism, the idea of prophecy, God's chosen people, etc.) and the criteria for revealing the truth (ordalia, etc.) continued to be key for him, although the Dominican in the pre-reform spirit cultivated individual piety, and there was also propaganda for independent reform of the church, the practice of which took place in the same period in neighboring France. In his activities, he relied on the so-called "simple at heart" representatives of the ordinary population, among which children, youth and women were especially prominent. However, with all the significance of the gender roles of these categories of the population and the indicated progress in reforming the Catholic cult, they were not able to decisively influence the situation at a critical moment. Savonarola's intentions to reform church life were conflicting. While encouraging and initiating, on the one hand, innovations, he, at the same time, did not intend to approve of the creation of independent religious communities by the laity. Savonarola was also deprived of the support of the "business people" of that time, although well-known European reformers did not strive for this in the future either. In addition to the too great dependence of the "prophet" on the old recipes for influencing the minds, the lack of direct patronage of influential political "heavyweights" had a serious impact on the fate of the monk. These reasons made Savonarola's mission impossible. The work of E.P. Telmenko giving the keys to understanding the phenomenon of D. Savonarola seems to be a serious and fundamental contribution to the study of social and spiritual processes in the Italian city of the late 15th century.
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Keywords
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apocalypticism, millenarianism, soteriology, theocracy, mimesis, "common good", pre-reformer, "Florentine myth", local messianism, "simple at heart", individual piety, ordelia, Guelphism.
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