Annotation
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The article discusses the domestic historiography of a number of important issues related to the study of the famous Scythian culture, primarily through the prism of the "Scythia and the Caucasus" problem. We are talking about the main versions of the origin of Scythians: "Asian" and autochthonous, attributing the concept of "Scythian triad" in the understanding of various authors, as well as characterizing the monuments of the material culture of the early nomads of the Ciscaucasia and identifying the Scythian element proper (in the light of attempts by individual authors to attribute some of them to groups of population ethnically related to mountain tribal formations). The works of a few scientists demonstrate that the culture of the Scythians and the Scythian time culture of the central regions of the North Caucasus had a complex, syncretic composition, which raises the question of the possible presence of ethnic neoplasms that distinguished themselves from both Scythians and Caucasians. The article also considers the issue of the social structure of the Scythians, which varies from military democracy (in some versions with features of despotic tsarist power) to early class slave-owning or patriarchal-feudal relations, as an option – the existence of estate division, which has turned into class. The term "stratified society" is also proposed.
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Keywords
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Scythians, Scythian culture, Scythian triad (pentad), Meots, Sauromats, Ciscaucasia, the Kingdom of Ishkuz, the mounds at the Krasnoe Znamya Farm, Nartan mounds, Ullu-Baganaly burial ground, Amazons, military democracy, slave state, patriarchal-feudal society, early class society, stratified society.
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